Sumaiya Karim
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Vol. 1 · Issue 1 · 2026

Terracotta Temples: Reading Narrative in Clay

By Sumaiya Karim · Archaeologist

Sumaiya Karim is an archaeologist who studies the brick and terracotta architecture of northern Bangladesh. She has documented more than a hundred temple facades.

The plaques of Kantajew and Puthia tell stories panel by panel. How did their makers think about sequence and time?

The terracotta facades of eighteenth-century temples in Bengal are covered with thousands of small plaques. Read from a distance they form a pattern; read up close they become scenes from the epics, from village life and from the court.

This essay looks at how the plaques are arranged. Some run like a comic strip from left to right; others circle a doorway or climb a pillar. The makers, it argues, were thinking carefully about how a walking viewer meets a story.

A story you walk around

The temple wall is a book that can only be read on foot.

Many of these plaques are now eroding or have been removed. Reading them is also a way of recording them before they are lost.